Parental B-MYB/FOXM1 controls mitotic E2F to determine daughter cell fate.
| Publication Type | Preprint |
| Authors | Rosenthal D, Tsuruoka T, Konagaya Y, Gong B, Govindaraj V, Upadhya S, Ratnayeke N, Saha D, Xia W, Teruel M, Meyer T |
| Journal | bioRxiv |
| Date Published | 09/22/2026 |
| ISSN | 2692-8205 |
| Abstract | Mitogens trigger cell-cycle entry by activating E2F at the restriction point, which is followed by B-MYB/FOXM1 activation and progression to mitosis. How mitogens control continued cycling and cell-cycle exit after the restriction point is not well-understood. By developing an E2F and B-MYB/FOXM1 dual transcriptional biosensor system, we show that S/G2 phase duration is set by timed mitogen-regulated B-MYB/FOXM1 activation, while E2F activity gradually declines before mitosis. As a striking consequence, rapid B-MYB/FOXM1 activation shortens S/G2, delivering high mitotic E2F activity to daughter cells which keeps them cycling. Delayed B-MYB/FOXM1 activation prolongs S/G2, depleting mitotic E2F which drives daughters to quiescence. When S/G2 is further prolonged, partially activated B-MYB/FOXM1 frequently reverts, triggering mitotic bypass and polyploid quiescence. Thus, B-MYB/FOXM1 governs a tri-directional "G2 restriction point" where cells commit to continued cycling through early B-MYB/FOXM1 activation; cell-cycle exit through delayed B-MYB/FOXM1 activation; or mitotic bypass by B-MYB/FOXM1 inactivation. |
| DOI | 10.64898/2026.09.21.753170 |
| PubMed ID | 42817988 |
| PubMed Central ID | PMC13622120 |