Reframing antimicrobial resistance as a continuous spectrum of manifestations.

Publication Type	Review
Authors	Schrader S, Botella H, Vaubourgeix J
Journal	Curr Opin Microbiol
Volume	72
Pagination	102259
Date Published	01/05/2023
ISSN	1879-0364
Keywords	Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Abstract	To fight antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we must recognize and target all its manifestations. In this review, we briefly summarize the history that led to recognition of the various manifestations of AMR in bacterial pathogens and the ways in which they interrelate. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing between AMR arising from genetic alterations versus induction of endogenous machinery in response to environmental triggers, including - paradoxically - stresses from host immunity and antimicrobial therapy. We present an integrated view of AMR by reframing it as a spectrum of phenotypes within a continuous three-dimensional space defined by the growth rate, prevalence, and kill rate of cells displaying AMR. Finally, we reflect on strategies that may help stem the emergence of AMR.
DOI	10.1016/j.mib.2022.102259
PubMed ID	36608373