T follicular helper cells transiently unlock a plasticity state in germinal centre B cells during the humoral immune response.

Publication Type Academic Article
Authors Scourzic L, Izzo F, Teater M, Polyzos A, Cucereavii L, Chin C, Papin A, Pinto H, Mlynarczyk C, Tsialta I, Xia M, Lidoski A, Myers R, Israel E, Venturutti L, Mackay S, Hoehn K, Skoultchi A, Béguelin W, Stadtfeld M, Chen Z, Landau D, Melnick A, Apostolou E
Journal Nat Cell Biol
Volume 28
Issue 1
Pagination 35-48
Date Published 12/29/2025
ISSN 1476-4679
Keywords Germinal Center, B-Lymphocytes, Immunity, Humoral, Cell Plasticity, T Follicular Helper Cells, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
Abstract During the germinal centre (GC) reaction, mature B cells undergo rapid and reversible phenotypic shifts that are essential for adaptive immunity. Here we report that GC B cells, unlike other mature B cells, transiently acquire a unique epigenetic plasticity, demonstrated by their enhanced capacity to reprogram to induced pluripotent stem cells. This plasticity depends on T follicular helper (TFH) cells and is not due to increased proliferation or MYC activation. Instead, it involves weakening of B-cell identity and derepression of stem and progenitor programs driven by NF-κB and other TFH-derived signals. Thus, physiological GC plasticity is tightly constrained by the affinity maturation process of positive selection. Loss of histone 1, a chromatin compaction regulator restricting the accessibility of embryonic stem cell programs, further enhances GC plasticity by bypassing this gatekeeping mechanism. Importantly, patients with B-cell lymphoma enriched for GC plasticity signatures had worse outcomes, suggesting that this mechanism may also contribute to lymphomagenesis.
DOI 10.1038/s41556-025-01833-4
PubMed ID 41466145
PubMed Central ID PMC13070251
Back to Top